Monkeypox treatment primarily focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting the patient's immune response, as there is no specific cure for the virus. Most cases are mild and self-limiting, requiring only symptomatic management such as antipyretics for fever, fluids for hydration, and pain relievers for discomfort. In severe cases, especially among immunocompromised individuals, children, or those with complications, antiviral medications like Tecovirimat (TPOXX)—originally developed for smallpox—may be prescribed. Tecovirimat has been approved by several health authorities under emergency protocols for treating monkeypox due to its effectiveness against orthopoxviruses.

In addition to antiviral therapy, vaccination plays a preventive and sometimes therapeutic role. The JYNNEOS vaccine (also known as Imvamune or Imvanex) is a non-replicating smallpox and monkeypox vaccine that can be used both pre- and post-exposure to reduce the severity or risk of infection. In outbreak settings, close monitoring of contacts, isolation of infected individuals, and supportive medical care remain essential components of monkeypox control and treatment strategies. Public health efforts also emphasize education, hygiene practices, and minimizing contact with infected animals or individuals to prevent further transmission.

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